Professional Self-Regulation

Abel, R. L. (2017). Lawyer self-regulation and the public interest: a reflection. Legal Ethics, 20(1), 115-124.

Adams, T. L., & Livingstone, D. W. (2020). Self-regulating professionals and experts in the “knowledge economy”: Autonomy and authority compared (Preliminary report). Working paper for the Changing Workplaces in a Knowledge Economy Project.

Adams, T. L., & Wannamaker, K. (2022). Professional regulation, profession-state relations and the pandemic response: Australia, Canada, and the UK compared. Social Science & Medicine, 296. [Comparative]

Adams, T. L. (2007). Professional regulation in Canada: Past and present. Canadian Issues/Thèmes Canadiens.

Adams, T. L. (2009). Regulating professions in Canada: Interprovincial differences across five provinces. Journal of Canadian Studies, 43(3), 194-221.

Adams, T. L. (2009). The changing nature of professional regulation in Canada, 1867–1961. Social Science History, 33(2), 217-243.

Adams, T. L. (2016). Professional self-regulation and the public interest in Canada. Professions and Professionalism, 6(3).

Adams, T. L. (2016). Self-regulating professions: past, present, future: Table 1. Journal of Professions and Organization, 11(6).

Adams, T. L. (2017). Self-regulating professions: past, present, future. Journal of Professions and Organization, 4(1), 70-87.

Adams, T. L. (2018). Regulating professions. In Regulating Professions. University of Toronto Press.

Adams, T. L. (2020). Health professional regulation in historical context: Canada, the USA and the UK (19th century to present). Human Resources for Health, 18(1), 1-7. [Comparative]

Agrawal, G. B. (2001). Resuscitating Professionalism: Self-Regulation in the Medical Marketplace. Missouri Law Review, 66(2), 341-411.

Aldridge, S. (2008). The Regulation of Health Professionals: An Overview of the British Columbia Experience. Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, 39(1), 4-10.

Anand, A. I. (2018). Governance gone wrong: examining self-regulation of the legal profession. Legal Ethics, 21(2), 99-118.

Arnold, B. L., & Kay, F. M. (2009). Social capital, violations of trust and the vulnerability of isolates: The social organization of law practice and professional self-regulation. In Lesser, E., Knowledge and social capital: Foundations and applications (pp. 201-222). Routledge.

Arnold, B. L. (1993). A life course dynamics approach to professional deviance and self-regulation: the case of Ontario lawyers (618522815). [Doctoral dissertation, Univresity of Toronto]. APA PsycInfo.

Arthurs, H. W. (1994). The dead parrot: Does professional self-regulation exhibit vital signs. Alberta Law Review, 33, 800.

Aucoin, P. (1978). Public Accountability in the Governing of Professions: A Report on the Self-governing Professions of Accounting, Architecture, Engineering and Law in Ontario. Professional Organizations Committee.

Austin, Z., Croteau, D., Marini, A., & Violato, C. (2003). Continuous professional development: the Ontario experience in professional self-regulation through quality assurance and peer review. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 67(1/4).

Bauchner, H., Fontanarosa, P. B., & Thompson, A. E. (2015). Professionalism, governance, and self-regulation of medicine. Journal of the American Medical Association, 313(18), 1831-1836.

Bayles, M. D. (1986). Professional power and self-regulation. Business and Professional Ethics Journal, 5(2), 26-46.

Blishen, B. R. (1991). Sources of Collegial Control. In Doctors in Canada: The changing world of medical practice (pp. 116–128). University of Toronto Press.

Boon, A. (Ed.). (2017). International perspectives on the regulation of lawyers and legal services. Bloomsbury Publishing.

Brockman, J., & McEwen, C. (1990). Self-regulation in the legal profession: funnel in, funnel out, or funnel away?. Canadian Journal of Law and Society/La Revue Canadienne Droit et Société, 5, 1-46.

Brockman, J. (1995). Regulating Professions and Occupations Winnipeg: Manitoba Law Reform Commission, Report No. 84. Canadian Journal of Law and Society/La Revue Canadienne Droit et Société, 10(2), 251-258.

Brockman, J. (1996). Dismantling or Fortifying Professional Monopolies-On Regulating Professions and Occupations. Manitoba Law Journal, 24.

Brockman, J. (1997). The use of self-regulation to curb discrimination and sexual harassment in the legal profession. Osgoode Hall Law Journal, 35.

Brockman, J. (1998). Fortunate enough to obtain and keep the title of profession: Self‐regulating organizations and the enforcement of professional monopolies. Canadian Public Administration, 41(4), 587-621.

Brockman, J. (2004). An update on self-regulation in the legal profession (1989–2000): funnel in and funnel out. Canadian Journal of Law and Society/La Revue Canadienne Droit et Société, 19(1), 55-84.

Brydges, R., & Butler, D. (2012). A reflective analysis of medical education research on self‐regulation in learning and practice. Medical education, 46(1), 71-79.

Byington, J. R., & Sutton, S. G. (1991). The self-regulating profession: An analysis of the political monopoly tendencies of the audit profession. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 2(4), 315-330.

Byrick, R. J. (2013). Professional self-regulation: learning from the disciplinary process. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthésie, 60(10), 960-965.

Cahill, B. (2019). Conclusion: Self-Regulation and the Public Interest. In Professional Autonomy and the Public Interest: The Barristers’ Society and Nova Scotia’s Lawyers, 1825–2005 (pp. 216–218). McGill-Queen’s University Press.

Cahill, B. (2019). Professional Autonomy and the Public Interest: The Barristers’ Society and Nova Scotia’s Lawyers, 1825–2005. McGill-Queen’s University Press.

Caplan, D., Janvrin, D., & Kurtenbach, J. (2007). Internal audit outsourcing: an analysis of self-regulation by the accounting profession. Research in Accounting Regulation, 19, 3-34.

Casey, J. (1997). Self-governing professions. College of Alberta Psychologists Monitor, 1, 1-2.

Castonguay, C. (1978). The future of self-regulation: a view from Quebec. In P. Slayton & M. J. Trebilcock (Eds.), The Professions and Public Policy (pp. 61–76). University of Toronto Press.

Chan Kok Yew, G. (2018). International perspectives on the regulation of lawyers and legal services. Singapore Journal of Legal Studies, (1),152-155.

Chantler, C., & Ashton, R. (2009). The purpose and limits to professional self-regulation. Journal of the American Medical Association, 302(18), 2032-2033.

Coburn, D. (1993). State authority, medical dominance, and trends in the regulation of the health professions: The Ontario case. Social science & medicine, 37(7), 841-850.

Dauphinee, W. D. (2005). Self regulation must be made to work. British Medical Journal, 330(7504), 1385-1387.

Des Places, S. B. (2006). Self regulation and the professions: a perspective from regulatory competition theory. In Cafaggi, F. (Ed.), Reframing Self regulation in European Private Law (pp. 215-235). Kluwer International Law.

Devlin, R., & Cheng, A. (2010). Re-calibrating, re-visioning and re-thinking self-regulation in Canada. International Journal of the Legal Profession, 17(3), 233-281.

Devlin, R., & Dodek, A. (Eds.). (2016). Regulating Judges. Edward Elgar Publishing.

Devlin, R., Woolley, A., Cotter, B., & Law, J. M. (2017). Lawyers' Ethics and Professional Regulation. Lexis-Nexis.

Devlin, R. F., & Heffernan, P. (2007). The end (s) of self-regulation. Alberta Law Review, 45.

Devlin, R. F. (2017). Regulating Lawyers: North American Perspectives and Problematics. The International Lawyer, 50(3), 401-408.

Dick, H. (1996). Paradigm Lost: A Summary of the Manitoba Law Reform Commission's Regulating Professions and Occupations. Manitoba Law Journal, 24(2), 263-281.

Dodek, A. M. (2011). Regulating law firms in canada. Canadian Bar Review, 90(2), 381-438.

Dussault, R. (1978). The Office des Professions du Québec in the context of the development of professionalism. In P. Slayton & M. J. Trebilcock (Eds.), The Professions and Public Policy (pp. 101–110). University of Toronto Press.

Andrew Flavelle Martin, “Review of Barry Cahill, Professional Autonomy and the Public Interest: The Barristers’ Society and Nova Scotia’s Lawyers, 1825-2005” (2020) 101:2 Canadian Historical Review 304-306.

Fogarty, T. J., Zucca, L. J., Meonske, N., & Kirch, D. P. (1997). Proactive practice review: a critical case study of accounting regulation that never was. Critical perspectives on accounting, 8(3), 167-187.

Fooks, C., Rachlis, M., & Kushner, C. (1990). Concepts of quality of care: national survey of five self-regulating health professions in Canada. International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 2(1), 89-109.

Forth, J., Bryson, A., Humphris, A., Koumenta, M., & Kleiner, M. (2011). A review of occupational regulation and its impact. [Comparative]

Freckelton, I., & Bennett, B. (2014). Regulating professional practice. In Joly, Y., & Knoppers, B. M. (Eds.), Routledge handbook of medical law and ethics (pp. 151-166). Routledge.

Girard, M. A. (2019). Interprofessional collaborative practice and law: a reflective analysis of 14 regulation structures. Journal of Research in Interprofessional Practice and Education, 9(2).

Goldman, A. H. (1986). Professional Values and the Problem of Regulation. Business and Professional Ethics Journal, 5(2), 47-59.

Gorman, E. H. (2014). Professional self‐regulation in North America: The cases of law and accounting. Sociology Compass, 8(5), 491-508.

Grande, D. (2010). Limiting the influence of pharmaceutical industry gifts on physicians: self-regulation or government intervention?. Journal of general internal medicine, 25(1), 79-83.

Gruben, V. (2020). Self-Regulation as a Means of Regulating Privately Financed Medicare: What Can We Learn from the Fertility Sector? In C. M. Flood & B. Thomas (Eds.), Is Two-Tier Health Care the Future? (pp. 145–182). University of Ottawa Press.

Hamilton, K. R. (1995). Self-governing Professions: Digests of Court Decisions. Canada Law Book.

Jones, R. S., & Fletcher, J. C. (1998). Self-Regulation of Surgical Practice and Research. In McCullough, L. B., Jones, J. W., & Brody, B. A. (Eds.), Surgical Ethics (pp. 255-279). Oxford University Press.

Kelly, C., & Bourgeault, I. L. (2015). The personal support worker program standard in Ontario: An alternative to self-regulation?. Healthcare Policy, 11(2).

Kranacher, M. J. (2006). Regulating the accounting profession. The CPA Journal, 76(4).

Lahey, W., & Currie, R. (2005). Regulatory and medico-legal barriers to interprofessional practice. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 19(1), 197-223.

Lahey, W., & Fierlbeck, K. (2016). Legislating collaborative self-regulation in Canada: A comparative policy analysis. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 30(2), 211-216.

Lahey, W. (2012). Interprofessionalism and collaborative self-regulation in the health professions: Two variations on an emerging Canadian theme. In Short, S. D. (Ed.), Health workforce governance: Improved access, good regulatory practice, safer patients (pp. 113-142).

Lahey, W. (2012). Self-Regulation and Unification Discussions in Canada’s Accounting Profession. Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants.

Lahey, W. (2013). Legislating interprofessional regulatory collaboration in Nova Scotia. Health Reform Observer / Observatoire des Réformes de Santé, 1(1).

Lemmens, T., & Mahadevia Ghimire, K. (2019). Regulation of health professions in Ontario: self-regulation with statutory-based public accountability. Revista de Direito Sanitário/Journal of Health Law, 19(3), 124-204.

Lemmens, T., & Mahadevia Ghimire, K. (2020). Regulation of Health Professions in Ontario: Lessons Learned from a System Situated Between Full Self-regulation and Direct State Control of Health Professionals. In Aith, F., Balbinot, R., Ventura, D. & Dallari, S. G. (Eds.), Regulação das Profissões de Saúde no Brasil e em Perspectiva Comparada (pp.356-423).

Leslie, K., & Nelson, S. (2017). Ensuring Proactive Regulatory Initiatives Align with the Public Interest. Healthcarepapers, 16(4), 44-49.

Leslie, K., Benoit, C., Freeman, A., & Bourgeault, I. (2021). The Regulatory Amalgamation for Nursing and Midwifery in British Columbia. Health Reform Observer / Observatoire des Réformes de Santé, 9(1).

Leslie, K., Dunk, M., Staempfli, S., & Cook, K. (2021). Mandatory Reporting of Colleagues to Regulators: An Overview of Requirements for Registered Nurses in 12 Canadian Jurisdictions. Journal of Nursing Regulation, 12(3), 68-77.

Leslie, K., Moore, J., Robertson, C., Bilton, D., Hirschkorn, K., Langelier, M. H., & Bourgeault, I. L. (2021). Regulating health professional scopes of practice: comparing institutional arrangements and approaches in the US, Canada, Australia and the UK. Human Resources for Health, 19(1), 1-12.

Leslie, K., Nelson, S., Deber, R., & Gilmour, J. (2018). Policy tensions in regulatory reform: changes to regulation of health professions in Australia, the United Kingdom, and Ontario, Canada. Journal of Nursing Regulation, 8(4), 32-42.

Leslie, K. (2012). Recent changes to the governance and accountability of the regulated health professions in Ontario. Nursing Leadership, 25(2), 70-80.

Leslie, K. M. (2017). Balancing tensions in regulatory reform: changes to regulation of health professions in Australia, the United Kingdom, and Ontario, Canada (10258802) [Doctoral dissertation, University of Toronto]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.

Lieberman, J. K. (1978). Some reflections on self-regulation. In P. Slayton & M. J. Trebilcock (Eds.), The Professions and Public Policy (pp. 89–98). University of Toronto Press.

Lokanan, M. (2017). Self-regulation and compliance enforcement practices by the investment dealers association in Canada: 1984 to 2008. Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance.

Lombardi, L. G. (1986). Self-regulation: Business and the Professions. Business & Professional Ethics Journal, 68-86.

Lynch, M., & Kodate, N. (2020). Professional practice following regulatory change: An evaluation using principles of "Better Regulation." Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 16(2), 208-215.

MacDonald, L. D., & Richardson, A. J. (2004). Identity, appropriateness and the construction of regulatory space: the formation of the Public Accountant's Council of Ontario. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 29(5-6), 489-524.

MacGregor, A. (2021). Conflicts of Interest in Self-Regulating Health Professions Regulators. Dalhousie Law Journal, 44(1), 339-378.

Mackenzie, G. (2007). Regulating Lawyer Competence and Quality of Service. Alberta Law Review, 45. 

Martin, A. (2022) "Case Comment: Law Society of Ontario v. Ghamari 2021 ONLSTH 45, [2021] LSDD 64 [Ghamari]" 16 J. Parliamentary & Pol. L. 735.

Martin, A. (2021). Mental illness and professional regulation: the duty to report fellow lawyer to the law society. Alberta Law Review, 58(3), 659-686.

Massey, E. (2001). The doctor's dilemma, the capacity of Ontario's self-governing health professions to regulate conflict of interest; a study of the College of Physicians and Surgeons (MQ46033). [Master’s thesis, University of Toronto]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.

McKay, R. B. (2019). The Self-Regulated Professions and the Public Interest. In Ashmore, H. S. (Ed.), The William O. Douglas Inquiry into the State of Individual Freedom (pp. 203-229). Routledge.

Mew, G. (1989). Lawyers: The Agony and the Ecstacy of Self-Government. Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice, 9, 210-250.

Millard, J. R. (1992). The professions in Canada. Journal of Canadian Studies/Revue d'études canadiennes, 27(1), 3-4.

Morrison, B., Boyle, T. A., & Mahaffey, T. (2022). Demonstrating institutional trustworthiness: A framework for pharmacy regulatory authorities. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy.

Motluk, A. (2019). Self-regulation in health care professions comes under scrutiny. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 191(33).

Murdoch, C., & Brockman, J. (2001). Who's on First-Disciplinary Proceedings by Self-Regulating Professions and Other Agencies for Criminal Behaviour. Saskatchewan Law Review, 64.

Mysicka, R. (2014). Who watches the watchmen? The role of the self-regulator. CD Howe Institute Commentary.

Narayan, R. D., Dhaliwal, G., Lutz, M., & Hagerty, C. (2019). Professional Misconduct Among Lawyers: A Study On Canadian Lawyers. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Thought.

Olley, R. E. (1978). The future of self-regulation: a consumer economist’s viewpoint. In P. Slayton & M. J. Trebilcock (Eds.), The Professions and Public Policy (pp. 77–88). University of Toronto Press.

Ostry, S., Slayton, P., & Trebilcock, M. J. (1978). Competition policy and the self-regulating professions. The Professions and Public Policy, University of Toronto Faculty of Law.

Paton, P. D. (2008). Between a rock and a hard place: The future of self-regulation-Canada between the United States and the English/Australian Experience. In Journal of the Professional Lawyer Symposium Issues. [Comparative]

Pearson, J. (2013). Canada's Legal Profession: Self-Regulating in the Public Interest. Canadian Bar Review, 92.

Pelletier, L. G., Fortier, M. S., Vallerand, R. J., & Briere, N. M. (2001). Associations among perceived autonomy support, forms of self-regulation, and persistence: A prospective study. Motivation and emotion, 25(4), 279-306.

Piquero, N. L., Meitl, M. B., Brank, E. M., Woolard, J. L., Lanza-Kaduce, L., & Piquero, A. R. (2016). Exploring lawyer misconduct: An examination of the self-regulation process. Deviant Behavior, 37(5), 573-584.

Pollanen, R., & Pollanen, E. M. (2007). The New Age of Accounting Regulation Canada and the United States. Sprott Letters, (2007).

Previts, G., & Robinson, T. (Eds.). (2004). Research in Accounting Regulation. Elsevier.

Priest, M. (1997). The privatization of regulation: Five models of self-regulation. Ottawa Law Review, 29, 233-302.

Pritchard, A. C., & Puri, P. (2006). The regulation of public auditing in Canada and the United States: Self-regulation or government regulation?. Fraser Institute Digital Publication, 1-43. [Comparative]

Rasmussen, M. (2010). Umbrella professions legislation: Made in Saskatchewan approach. Saskatchewan Law Review, 73(2), 285-308.

Regehr, G., & Eva, K. (2006). Self-assessment, self-direction, and the self-regulating professional. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 449, 34-38.

Rhode, D. L., & Barton, B. H. (2017). Rethinking self-regulation: antitrust perspectives on bar governance activity. Chapman Law Review, 20(2), 267-282.

Rhode, D. L., & Woolley, A. (2011). Comparative perspectives on lawyer regulation: An agenda for reform in the United States and Canada. Fordham Law Review, 80, 2761-2790. [Comparative]

Richard, L. A. (2017). Lawyer self-regulation and the public interest: a reflection. Legal Ethics, 20(1).

Roussy, A. (2017). Lawyer Regulation in Canada: Towards Greater Uniformity. The International Lawyer, 50(3), 409-424.

Salyzyn, A. (2019). Building Better Lawyer Regulators. Jotwell: The Journal of Things We Like (Lots), (12), 1-3.

Schiller, C. J. (2014). Self-regulation of the nursing profession: Focus on four Canadian provinces. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 5(1), 95-106.

Schultze, R. (2007). What does it mean to be a self-governing regulated profession. Journal of Property Tax Assessment & Administration, 4(3), 41-53.

Seneviratne, M. (2000). Consumer Complaint and the Legal Profession: Making Self Regulation Work?. International Journal of the Legal Profession, 7.

Sevi, S., Blais, A., Mayer, D. (2020). Do lawyers get more votes? American Review of Canadian Studies, 50(2), 216-228.

Shaw, K., Cassel, C. K., Black, C., & Levinson, W. (2009). Shared medical regulation in a time of increasing calls for accountability and transparency: comparison of recertification in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom. Journal of the American Medical Association, 302(18).

Shores, W. W. (2020). Vavilov and the Regulation of the Professions. Canadian Journal of Administrative Law & Practice, 33(2), 195-228.

Short, S.D. (2012). Health Workforce Governance: Improved Access, Good Regulatory Practice, Safer Patients (F. McDonald, Ed.) (1st ed.). Routledge.

Simon, C. R., & Durand-Bush, N. (2015). Does self-regulation capacity predict psychological well-being in physicians?. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 20(3), 311-321.

Stephenson, B. (1977). The self-governing professions. The Law, 1-7.

Stephenson, B. (1980). The Social Contract of Self Governing Professions. Law Society Gazette, 14, 256.

Swazey, J. P. (1991). Are physicians a “delinquent community”?: Issues in professional competence, conduct, and self-regulation. Journal of Business Ethics, 10(8), 581-590.

Sweetman, A., McDonald, J. T., & Hawthorne, L. (2015). Occupational regulation and foreign qualification recognition: an overview. Canadian Public Policy, 41(1), 1-13.

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Tomaszewski, A. E., Powell, T. L., Inglis, C., Zimmerman, N., Malenfant, S., & Guthrie, E. (2016). Professional misconduct by registered nurses: A study of regulatory responses to white collar crime in a Canadian health profession. International Journal of Arts & Sciences, 9(2).

Trabucco, L. D. (2020). The Regulation of Paralegals in Ontario: Increased Access to Justice?.

Trebilcock, M. J. (2007). Regulating the Market for Legal Services. Alberta Law Review, 45.

Trebilcock, M. J. (2022). Conclusion: Reducing the Paradoxes of Professional Regulation. In Paradoxes of Professional Regulation. In Search of Regulatory Principles (pp. 143–154). University of Toronto Press.

Trebilcock, M. J. (2022). Paradoxes of Professional Regulation. In Search of Regulatory Principles. University of Toronto Press.

Tuohy, C. J., & Wolfson, A. D. (1978). Self-regulation: who qualifies? In P. Slayton & M. J. Trebilcock (Eds.), The Professions and Public Policy (pp. 111–122). University of Toronto Press.

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Webb, D. (2007). Are Lawyers Regulatable. Alberta Law Review, 45.

Weiler, T. J. (1997). Professional Self-Regulation and Federal Competition Policy: The Calarco Case. Windsor Review of Legal & Social Issues, 7.

Welsh, S., Kelner, M., Wellman, B., & Boon, H. (2004). Moving forward? Complementary and alternative practitioners seeking self‐regulation. Sociology of Health & Illness, 26(2), 216-241.

White, B. (2020). Regulating Professions: The Emergence of Professional Self-Regulation in Four Canadian Provinces by Tracey L. Adams. The Canadian Historical Review, 101(1), 149-150.

Woolley, A. (2007). Re-Envisioning Regulation: Canadian Lawyers in the 21st Century. Alberta Law Review,45.

Woolley, A. (2012). Regulation in practice: the ‘ethical economy’ of lawyer regulation in Canada and a case study in lawyer deviance. Legal Ethics, 15(2), 243-275.

Woolley, A. (2012). Rhetoric and Realities: What Independence of the Bar Requires of Lawyer Regulation. U.B.C. Law Review , 45(1), 145-204.

Woolley, A. (2014). Lawyers and the Rule of Law: Independence of the bar, the Canadian constitution and the law governing lawyers.

Younger, J. W. (1978). Competition policy and the self-regulating professions. In P. Slayton & M. J. Trebilcock (Eds.), The Professions and Public Policy (pp. 30–40). University of Toronto Press.

Case Law

Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration) v. Vavilov, 2019 SCC 65, [2019] 4 S.C.R. 653

Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce v. Deloitte & Touche, [2014] O.J. No. 2763

College of Physicians & Surgeons Alberta v. Ali, [2017] A.J. No. 1419

College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario v. McIntyre, [2017] O.J. No. 193

Estabrooks v. New Brunswick Real Estate Assn., [2014] N.B.J. No. 186

Histed v. Law Society of Manitoba, [2006] M.J. No. 290

Hover (Re), [2005] A.J. No. 220

Kuny v. College of Registered Nurses of Manitoba, [2017] M.J. No. 321

Law Society of New Brunswick v. Ryan, [2003] 1 S.C.R. 247

Lawyers' Professional Indemnity Company v. Canada, [2020] 4 F.C.R. 75

Madadi v. British Columbia, [2018] B.C.J. No. 3544

Northcott v. Newfoundland and Labrador Assn. of Social Workers, [2011] N.J. No. 181

Osif v. College of Physicians and Surgeons of Nova Scotia, [2009] N.S.J. No. 111

Party A v. Law Society of British Columbia, [2021] B.C.J. No. 600

Stoffman v. Ontario Veterinary Association (Div. Ct.), 73 O.R. (2d) 737

Young v. Alberta Assessors' Assn., [2019] A.J. No. 1265

American

Arkin, S. S. (1975). Self-Regulation and Approaches to Maintaining Standards of Professional Integrity. University of Miami Law Review, 30(4), 803-846.

Barton, B. H. (2001). Why Do We Regulate Lawyers: An Economic Analysis of the Justifications for Entry and Conduct Regulation. Arizona State Law Journal, 33.

Bierig, J. R. (1983). Whatever Happened to Professional Self-Regulation? American Bar Association Journal, 69(5), 616-619.

Blumenthal, A. (1993). Attorney self-regulation, consumer protection, and the future of the legal profession. Kansas Journal of Law & Public Policy, 3(2), 6-24.

Brecht, H. D. (1991). Accountants’ Duty to the Public for Audit Negligence: Self-Regulation and Legal Liability. Business & Professional Ethics Journal, 10(3), 85-100.

Burgess, C., & Killough, L. N. (1985). Self-Regulation vs. Public Regulation Profession Under Attack. Woman CPA, 47(2), 6-8.

Child, J., & Fulk, J. (1982). Maintenance of occupational control: The case of professions. Work and Occupations, 9(2), 155-192. [Comparative]

Cox, C., & Foster, S. (1990). The costs and benefits of occupational regulation. Bureau of Economics, Federal Trade Commission.

DeGennaro, M. L. (2004). Self regulation of the legal profession in Georgia [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Georgia.

D’Amato, A. (1990). Self-Regulation of Judicial Misconduct Could Be Mis-Regulation. Michigan Law Review, 89(3), 609-623.

Gallagher, W. T. (1994). Ideologies of Professionalism and the Politics of Self-Regulation in the California State Bar. Pepperdine Law Review, 22, 485-628.

Gotham, O. (2020). Avoiding Institutional Corruption through a Self-Regulating Federal Judiciary. Georgetown Journal of Legal Ethics, 33, 517-536.

Greenbaum, A. F. (2003). The attorney's duty to report professional misconduct: roadmap for reform. Georgetown Journal of Legal Ethics, 16(2), 259-334.

Hoskins, C., Gaff, C., McEwen, A., Macciocca, I., Pearn, A., Shalhoub, C., ... & Young, M. A. (2021). Professional regulation for Australasian genetic counselors. Journal of genetic counseling, 30(2), 361-369.

Marks, F. R., & Cathcart, D. (1974). Discipline within the legal profession: Is it self-regulation. University of Illinois Law Review, 193-236.

Martinez, V. R., & Juricic, C. J. (2022). Towards More Robust Self-Regulation Within the Legal Profession. Washington University Journal of Law and Policy, 69(1).

Maute, J. L. (2008). Bar associations, self-regulation and consumer protection: whither thou goest. In Journal of the Professional Lawyer Symposium Issues, 53-86.

McClelland, M. (2006-2007). Mount up: Self-Policing Proposal for the Self-Regulating Profession. Rutgers Law Record, 30, 78-89.

Oldham, L. M., & Whiteledge, C. M. (2002). The catch-22 of model rule 8.3. Georgetown Journal of Legal Ethics, 15(4), 881-894.

Ott, N. A., & Newton, H. F. (2003). current look at model rule 8.3: how is it used and what are courts doing about it. Georgetown Journal of Legal Ethics, 16(4), 747-766.

Paton, P. D. (2010). Cooperation, Co-Option or Coercion The FATF Lawyer Guidance and Regulation of the Legal Profession. Journal of the Professional Lawyer, 2010, 165-190.

Pelkie, N. G. (2000). Dissent in a professional self-governing regulatory organization: A qualitative study (3090299).[Doctoral dissertation, Saybrook University]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.

Plattsmier, C. B. (2007). Self Regulation and the Duty to Report Misconduct: Myth or Mainstay. Professional Lawyer Symposium Issues, 41-46.

Ramage-White, D. R. (1978). The Lawyer's Duty to Report Professional Misconduct. Arizona Law Review,20(2), 509-548.

Robinson, M. T. (2007). Lawyer's Duty to Report Another Lawyer's Misconduct The Illinois Experience. Professional Lawyer Symposium Issues, 47-54.

Russell, I. S. (2008). The Evolving Regulation of the Legal Profession: The Costs of Indeterminacy and Certainty. Journal of the Professional Lawyer, (1), 137-160.

Sahl, J. (2011). Behind closed doors: shedding light on lawyer self-regulation what lawyers do when nobody's watching. San Diego Law Review, 48(1), 447-478.

Sahl, J. P. (1999). The Public Hazard of Lawyer Self-Regulation: Learning From Ohio's Struggle to Reform Its Disciplinary System. University of Cincinatti Law Review, 68.

Sallen, P. A. (2007). Combating Himmel Angst. Professional Lawyer Symposium Issues, 55-64.

Schneyer, T. (2008). How Things Have Changed: Contrasting the Regulatory Environments of the Canons and the Model Rules. Journal of the Professional Lawyer, (1), 161-188.

Schneyer, T. (2011). On Further Reflection: How Professional Self-Regulation Should Promote Compliance with Broad Ethical Duties of Law Firms Management. Arizona Law Review, 53, 577-628.

Schneyer, T. (2013). The case for Proactive Management-Based regulation to improve professional self-regulation for US lawyers. Hofstra Law Review, 42(1), 233-265.

Starling, K. (2021). Ethical obligations of self-regulating professions: comparison of aba model rules and ama code of medical ethics opinions governing professional discretion and confidentiality of information, and the impositions of heightened professional responsibility. South Texas Law Review, 61(2).

Terry, L. S., Mark, S., & Gordon, T. (2012). Adopting Regulatory Objectives for the Legal Profession. Fordham Law Review, 80(6), 2685-2760.

Terry, L. S. (2008). The Future Regulation of the Legal Profession: The Impact of Treating the Legal Profession as Service Providers. In Journal of the Professional Lawyer Symposium Issues, 189-205.

Tuch, A. F. (2014). The Self-Regulation of Investment Bankers. George Washington Law Review, 83(1), 101-175.

Wilkins, D. B. (1992). Who Should Regulate Lawyers? Harvard Law Review, 105(4), 799–887.

Wilkins, D. B. (1996). How should we determine who should regulate lawyers--managing conflict and context in professional regulation. Fordham Law Review, 65(1), 465-492.

Williams, A. (2015). An inside job: using in-court sting operations to uncover corruption in an inadequate self-regulating system. Georgetown Journal of Legal Ethics, 28(3), 969-988.

Zacharias, F. C. (2008). The myth of self-regulation. Minnesota Law Review, 93, 1147-1190.

Zacharias, F. C. (2010). The ‘self-regulation’ misnomer. In Tranter, K., Bartlett, F., Corbin, L., Robertson, M., & Mortensen, R. (Eds.), Reaffirming Legal Ethics (pp. 198-219). Routledge.

United Kingdom

Davies, C. (2000). The Demise of Professional Self-regulation. In Lewis, G., Dewirtz, S. & Clarke, J. (Eds.), Rethinking Social Policy (pp. 276-289). Sage.

Davies, C. (2002). What about the girl next door?: gender and the politics of professional self-regulation. Gender, Health, and Healing: The Public/private Divide, 91-106.

Davies, C. & Beach., A. (2000). Professional Self-Regulation: A History of the United Kingdom Central Council for Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visiting. Routledge.

Davies, M. (2003). The Regulatory Crisis in the Solicitors' Profession. Legal Ethics, 6(2), 185-216.

Davies, M. (2014). The future of medical self-regulation in the United Kingdom–Renegotiating the state–profession bargain?. Medical Law International, 14(4), 236-265.

Davies, M. (2016). Medical self-regulation: crisis and change. Routledge.

de Prez, P. (2002). Self-regulation and paragons of virtue: the case of fitness to practise. Medical Law Review, 10(1), 28-56.

Dixon-Woods, M., Yeung, K., & Bosk, C. L. (2011). Why is UK medicine no longer a self-regulating profession? The role of scandals involving “bad apple” doctors. Social science & medicine, 73(10), 1452-1459.

Holden, A. (2018). What do dental codes of ethics and conduct suggest about attitudes to raising concerns and self-regulation?. British Dental Journal, 224(4), 261-267.

Irvine, D. (1997). The Performance of Doctors. I: Professionalism and Self Regulation in a Changing World.British Medical Journal, 314(7093), 1540–1542.

Kaye, R. P. (2006). Regulated (self-) regulation: A new paradigm for controlling the professions?. Public Policy and Administration, 21(3), 105-119.

Klein, R. (1998). Competence, Professional Self Regulation, and the Public Interest. British Medical Journal, 316(7146), 1740–1742.

Ogus, A. (1998). Re-thinking Self-Regulation in R. Baldwin, C. Scott and C. Hood (eds.) A Reader on Regulation, Oxford University Press.

Peate, I. (2018). Self-regulation and the nursing associate. British Journal of Healthcare Assistants, 12(2), 81-83.

Rennie, S. C., & Crosby, J. R. (2002). Students' perceptions of whistle blowing: implications for self‐regulation. A questionnaire and focus group survey. Medical Education, 36(2), 173-179.

Salter, B. (1999). Change in the governance of medicine: the politics of self-regulation. Policy & Politics, 27(2), 143-158.

Smith, R. (1992). The GMC On Performance: Professional Self Regulation Is On The Line. British Medical Journal, 304(6837), 1257–1258.

Stacey, M. (1992). Regulating British Medicine: The General Medical Council. Wiley.

International

de Wildt, G., Chandramohan, D., & van der Meer, J. (2000). International health aid and professional independence: the need for quality standards and self-regulation. Health Policy and Planning, 15(2), 235-236.

Fortney, S. S. (2015). Promoting Public Protection through an Attorney Integrity System: Lessons from Australian Experience with Proactive Regulation of Lawyers. Professional Lawyer, 23(1), 16-26. [AU]

Healy, K. (2016). 2015 Norma Parker address: being a self-regulating profession in the 21st century: problems and prospects. Australian Social Work, 69(1), 1-10. [AU]

Holden, A. C. L. (2018). ‘Blowing the whistle’: the ethical, professional and legal implications of raising concerns and self‐regulation within dentistry. Australian Dental Journal, 63(2), 150-155. [AU]

Maks, J. A. H., & Philipsen, N. J. (2005). An economic analysis of the regulation of professions. In Schoenmaekers, S. L. T. (Ed.), The Regulation of Architects in Belgium and the Netherlands. [EU]

Monteiro, A. R. (2015). Regulation of Professions. In The Teaching Profession (pp. 103-117). Springer.

Samuel, G. (2000). Governing the professions: does self-regulation equal self-interest?. Institute of Public Affairs Review, 52(3), 18-19. [AU]

Schofield, M. (2008). Best practice self-regulation model for psychotherapy and counselling in Australia. Final Report Submitted to the Department of Human Services, Victoria. [AU]